Traits¶
Similar to / also known as: interfaces, protocols
Traits¶
Intersection types¶
It is also possible to specify a combination of types, if the types are traits:
fn pythagoras(x: T, y: T) -> T where T = Add<T, Out=T> and Mul<T, Out=T>:
x * x + y * y
Here T
is a type that implements both Add
+ Mul
.
Intersection types are not distinct concrete types (like records or unions), just bound on existing concrete types. You cannot create an instance of Add + Mul
, but it is nonetheless very useful for type parameters.
Note that it does not make sense to create an intersection containing one or more known, concrete types.
Two concrete types does not make sense because an object cannot have two concrete types.
One concrete type with a trait does not make sense because a concrete type already implies a known set of traits per scope, so it is either always or never satisfied.